In considering how humans contribute to error, it is important to distinguish between active and latent errors. Active errors occur at the frontline operator level, and their effects are felt almost immediately. This is sometimes called the sharp end. Latent errors tend to be removed from the direct control of the operator and include things such as poor design, incorrect installation, faulty maintenance, bad management decisions, and poorly structured organizations. These are called the blunt end. An active error, for example, is the pilot crashing the plane. An example of a latent error is a previously undiscovered design malfunction causing the plane to unexpectedly roll in a way the pilot could not control and the plane crashed.